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Taxonomy
Acari
EOL Text
Acari (Acarina (mites & ticks)) is prey of:
Lagopus
Plectrophenax nivalis
Calidris maritima
Araneae
Abax
Philanthus
Soricidae
Hymenoptera
Salvelinus fontinalis
Amphisbaena caeca
Eleutherodactylus coqui
Eleutherodactylus richmondi
Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
Eleutherodactylus wightmanae
Eleutherodactylus eneidae
Mimocichla plumbea
Anolis evermanni
Anolis stratulus
Anolis gundlachi
Leptodactylus albilabris
Sphaerodactylus klauberi
Sphaerodactylus macrolepis
Typhlops rostellatus
Pseudoscorpionida
Coleoptera
Thysanoptera
Secernentia nematodes
Caracolus caracolla
Anolis gingivinus
Anolis pogus
Orthoptera
Formicidae
Diptera
Chilopoda
Pomatoschistus microps
Based on studies in:
Norway: Spitsbergen (Coastal)
England: Oxfordshire, Wytham Wood (Forest)
New Zealand (Grassland)
Puerto Rico, El Verde (Rainforest)
USA: Colorado (River)
Scotland (Estuarine)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Further contributions to the ecology of Spitzbergen, J. Ecol. 16:193-268, from p. 217 (1928).
- K. Paviour-Smith, The biotic community of a salt meadow in New Zealand, Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83(3):525-554, from p. 542 (1956).
- G. C. Varley, The concept of energy flow applied to a woodland community. In: Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources, A. Watson, Ed. (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, 1970), pp. 389-401, from p. 389.
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Contributions to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island, J. Ecol. 11:214-286, from p. 232 (1923).
- J. D. Allan, 1982. The effects of reduction in trout density on the invertebrate community of a mountain stream. Ecology 63:1444-1455, from p. 1452.
- Waide RB, Reagan WB (eds) (1996) The food web of a tropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
- Hall SJ, Raffaelli D (1991) Food-web patterns: lessons from a species-rich web. J Anim Ecol 60:823842
- Huxham M, Beany S, Raffaelli D (1996) Do parasites reduce the chances of triangulation in a real food web? Oikos 76:284300
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Cynthia Sims Parr, Joel Sachs, SPIRE |
Source | http://spire.umbc.edu/fwc/ |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
Not Evaluated
- IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=47518 |
Very abundant in zones of swiftly flowing plunging waters (Ref. 27188). The adult male of this species has very well developed odontodes on the front edge of its pectoral fins (Ref. 35381).
- Ferraris, C.J. Jr. 2003 Loricariidae - Loricariinae (Armored catfishes). p. 330-350. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36389)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Armi G. Torres, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=48314 |
Little is known about this species except that it was taken from the rapids along with Metaloricaria paucidens (Ref. 35381). Its morphology is intermediate to that of Cteniloricaria maculata and Harttia surinamensis. The appearance of its abdominal plaque is retarded and its caudal fin's shape is similar to that of the other two species. As far as the body shape is concerned, it appears to be closer to H. surinamensis than to C. maculata, thus justifying its move to genus Harttia (Ref. 35381).
- Covain, R., S. Fisch-Muller, J.I. Montoya-Burgos, J.H. Mol, P.-Y. Le Bail and S. Day 2012 The Harttiini (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Guianas: a multi-table approach to assess their diversity, evolution, and distribution. Cybium 36(1):115-161. (Ref. 90209)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Pascualita Sa-a, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=50514 |
Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analsoft rays: 4 - 5; Vertebrae: 29
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Armi G. Torres, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67162 |
fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4793 |
背鰭 I+10-11;臀鰭I+3;胸鰭I+5;腹鰭I+4;側線鱗數28-30;腹部鱗數5;背鰭基部鱗數11-13;臀鰭基部鱗數2;胸鰭基部鱗數1;腹鰭基部鱗數2;鰭脂與背鰭間鱗數6-7。全身被覆硬質骨板;口部腹面,特化為吸盤狀口器。體呈黑色而具有許多鵝黃色的不規則紋;頭背部亦為黑色,但鵝黃色之花紋密集分布且呈多邊形;腹部乳白色,散布黑色斑點。Liposarcus pardalis為本種之同種異名。
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©臺灣魚類資料庫 [published on TaiEOL] |
Source | http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/species.php?id=395254 |
Pterygoplichthys pardalis is a tropical fish known as a Plecostomus belonging to the Armored Catfish family (Loricariidae). Some synonyms for this species are Hypostomus pardalis, Liposarcus pardalis, Liposarcus varius, and Liposarcus jeanesianus. It is one of a number of species commonly referred to as the Common Pleco by aquarists. It will grow to a maximum length of 15.75 inches (40 centimeters). Pterygoplichthys pardalis is sometimes confused with the Hypostomus plecostomus (another armored catfish known as the "Common Plecostomus"). The two species can be distinguished by their number of dorsal rays. P. pardalis has 11–13, while the H. plecostomus has only 5–8 dorsal rays.
Natively, P. pardalis originates in South America in the Amazon River Basin in a tropical climate and prefer water with a 7.0–7.5 pH, a water hardness of 10.0–20.0 dGH, and a temperature range of 73.4–82.4 °F (23.0–28.0 °C). Although normally a bottom-dwelling fish, they have the ability to breathe air from the surface of the water during dry periods and those in which dissolved oxygen is too low. As an aquarium fish they are hardy and suited for beginners. Peaceful and well suited for most "community" tank environments, they are mainly herbivorous but will feed on a wide range of fish food offered to them. They are often known for their cleaning ability and will indeed eat algae off tank walls. However, the fish themselves often excrete relatively large quantities of waste. They are mildly territorial towards other large Plecostomus.
There is also an albino color variation of this species, usually referred to as an "Albino Plecostomus".[1]
See also
References
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Pterygoplichthys pardalis" in FishBase. Mar 2007 version.
- "Pterygoplichthys pardalis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=680353. Retrieved 07 Mar 2007.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pterygoplichthys_pardalis&oldid=408284881 |
Amazon River basin, Brazil.