Larinioides cornutus (Clercki, 1757)
EOL Text
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 34 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
| Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Larinioides+cornutus |
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
| Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Larinioides+cornutus |
Furrow spiders are a holartic species commonly found throughout North America, from northern Mexico, throughout the United States and into Canada, as well as southern and eastern Alaska. This species is also ubiquitous throughout Europe and western Asia. Smaller distributions exist in the Korean and Kamchatka penninsulas, eastern China, and Japan, as well as in parts of Africa including northeastern Algeria and Egypt. Single records also exist from Australia, Greenland, and Iceland.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Native ); oriental (Native ); australian (Introduced )
Other Geographic Terms: holarctic
- Bon, A. 2011. "Larinioides cornutus" (On-line). A complete world in my garden ... and beyond. Accessed February 15, 2012 at http://toutunmondedansmonjardin.perso.neuf.fr/EN/pages_EN/larinioides_cornutus_EN.htm.
- British Arachnological Society, 2013. "Checklist of British Spiders" (On-line). Website of the British Arachnological Society. Accessed January 20, 2013 at http://www.britishspiders.org.uk/html/checklist.php.
- Marusik, Y., S. Koponen. 2005. A survey of spiders (Araneae) with Holarctic distribution. The Journal of Arachnology, 33: 300-305. Accessed January 25, 2012 at http://www.jstor.org/pss/4129828.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |
These orb weaving spiders have large, bulbous, oval-shaped abdomens, which are dorsoventrally flattened. The abdomen ranges in color including black, grey, red and olive, and the carapace features a lighter colored, arrow shaped pattern that points towards the cephalothorax. Their legs have a striped pattern matching the carapace and are covered in large hairs (macrosetae). The two pairs of forward legs are very long (typically equal to the entire body length) while their rear legs are shorter. Males tend to be smaller and lighter in color than females, ranging in size from 5 to 9 mm in length, while females range from 6 to 14 mm. Legspans for both sexes may range from 18 to 35 mm.
Range mass: .1 to .3 g.
Average mass: .23 g.
Range length: 5 to 14 mm.
Average length: 7 mm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry ; venomous
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; sexes colored or patterned differently; female more colorful
- Nicholls, D. 2010. "Larinioides cornutus" (On-line). Nature Spot. Accessed February 23, 2012 at http://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/larinioides-cornutus.
- Prokop, P. 2006. Prey Type does not Determine Web Design in Two Orb-Weaving Spiders. Zoological studies, 45: 124-131. Accessed February 22, 2012 at http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/45.1/124.pdf.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |
Furrow spiders are commonly found in moist areas near bodies of water or areas of dense vegetation. Man-made structures like barns, houses, and bridges also make ideal habitats for these spiders as they provide suitable coverage from the sun.
Range elevation: 2 to 700 m.
Average elevation: 300 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: taiga ; savanna or grassland ; forest
Wetlands: marsh
Other Habitat Features: urban ; suburban ; agricultural ; riparian
- Deltshev, C., . Vrenosi, G. Blagoev, S. Lazarov. 201. Spiders of Albania – Faunistic and Zoogeographical Review. ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA, 63: 125-144. Accessed February 02, 2012 at http://www.acta-zoologica-bulgarica.eu/downloads/acta-zoologica-bulgarica/2011/63-2-125-144.pdf.
- Kirindi, T., A. Bayram, M. Maras. 2005. A morphological study on the venom apparatus of spider Larinioides cornutus (Araneae, Araneidae). Turkish journal of zoology, 29/4: 351. Accessed January 29, 2012 at http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-05-29-4/zoo-29-4-10-0408-5.pdf.
- Webber, L. 2002. Spiders of the North Woods. Duluth, MN: Kollath-Stensaas Publishing.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |
These spiders are primarily insectivores. They use varying sizes of orb webs to capture prey during the day; prey items typically include damselflies (Platycnemis pennipes), gnats, and common mosquitoes (Culex pipiens). Like many arachnids, this species produces a venom in the anterior prosoma within a specialized gland which is connected to the chelicerae via small canals. Each chelicera has four pairs of teeth. Once snared and entangled within the orb web, furrow spiders wrap their prey in silk and immobilize it, injecting venom through their chelicerae, and transport it off the web. Digestive enzymes break down the prey's internal organs into a fluid form for consumption, leaving very little waste for excretion. Larger prey are stored in order to give digestive enzymes ample time to act.
Animal Foods: insects
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |
Furrow spiders are primarily predators of small insects and bugs. Their webs may keep populations of these animals in check, especially in man-made settings like barns, houses, and bridges.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |
Many birds feed on these spiders, especially if they are not well hidden during the day. Larger insects such as black and yellow mud daubers (Sceliphron caementarium) are also predators of adult furrow spiders, while flesh fly larvae (Sarcophaga sexpunctata)are known predators of their egg cocoons.
Known Predators:
- Sarcophaga sexpunctata (Order Diptera, Class Insecta)
- Sceliphron caementarium (Order Hymenoptera, Class Insecta)
- 2013. "Larinioides cornutus" (On-line). Encyclopedia of Life. Accessed January 12, 2013 at http://eol.org/pages/1195528/overview.
- Araújo, M., M. Gonzaga. 2007. Individual specialization in the hunting wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 12: 1855-1863. Accessed February 22, 2012 at http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/stable/27823572?&Search=yes&searchText=Larinioides&searchText=Cornutus&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DLarinioides%2BCornutus%26gw%3Djtx%26acc%3Don%26prq%3DA%2Bsurvey%2Bof%2Bspiders%2B%2528Araneae%2529%2Bwith%2BHolarctic%2Bdistribution%26Search%3DSearch%26hp%3D25%26wc%3Don&prevSearch=&item=18&ttl=21&returnArticleService=showFullText.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |
Furrow spiders have a lower row of 6 eyes, paired horizontally across their heads, and an additional pair of eyes located directly above the center of the lower row. Females produce pheromones during mating season, which are detected by males through chemoreceptors. These spiders also are extremely sensitive to vibrations that they sense using macrosetate and filiform hairs along their legs (filiform hairs are also located on their abdomens). Small receptors called slit sensilla are arranged along their exoskeletons, detecting any pressure against their bodies.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones ; vibrations
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; vibrations ; chemical
- Foelix, R. 2011. Biology of Spiders. New York: Oxford University Press.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Larinioides_cornutus/ |