Lauxaniidae
EOL Text
Rather small flies, rarely more than 6 mm in length, the auxiliary vein entire and ending in the costa.
The adults may be found almost everywhere, but particularly in moist places where they may occur in large numbers. Many of the species are more in evidence in the evening than during the rest of the day. They are not very active and are therefore easily captured.
The larvae of at least some of the species mine in plants and are economically important; others live upon decaying vegetation.
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Rather small flies, rarely more than 6 mm in length, the auxiliary vein entire and ending in the costa.
Head variable, the face projecting or retreating, convex, flat or concave, without oral vibrissa although these are rarely poorly developed. Front wide, with two pairs of frontals, the upper pair always reclinate, the lower pair sometimes decussate; ocellars present or minute. Antennae variable, the arista plumose to bare. Thorax with bristles, at least behind the suture; scutellum usually bare except for the marginal bristles; propleural bristle present or absent; one or two sternopleurals. Tibiae all with preapical bristle. Wing venation complete, the second basal and anal cells short; apical cell usually widely open. Abdomen oval, rarely elongate.
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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:1737
Specimens with Sequences:1533
Specimens with Barcodes:1395
Species:96
Species With Barcodes:74
Public Records:446
Public Species:30
Public BINs:54
Collection Sites: world map showing specimen collection locations for Lauxaniidae
The Lauxaniidae are a family of acalyptrate flies. They generally are small flies (length 7 mm or less) with large compound eyes that often are brightly coloured in life. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies.
Some 1800 species of Lauxaniidae have been described and they comprise some 126 genera. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most of the species occurring in tropical regions of Asia and the Americas; relatively few species occur in Afrotropical regions, and Lauxaniid species diversity declines strongly towards the more temperate regions; for example fewer than 200 European species have been described. Most species inhabit forests, where the adults usually are found sitting on leaves of the understory. They are far less common in open country, such as grassland habitats.[2]
Contents
Description[edit]
For terms see Morphology of Diptera. Lauxaniidae are small flies (2-7 mm. in length). They are often rather plump, dull or partly lustrous flies. The body colour varies from yellow to brown or black, or with a combination of these colours.The head is variable in shape, the face projecting or retreating, convex, flat or concave usually without oral vibrissa (sometimes poorly developed, occasionally strong bristles near the vibrissal angle. ).The postvertical bristles converge (in rare cases parallel). The frons is wide, with two pairs of frontal bristles, the upper pair of which is always reclinate, the lower pair sometimes decussate. Interfrontal bristles are absent.The ocellar bristles are present or minute.The antennae are variable and the arista is plumose, pubescent to bare. The thorax has bristles,at least behind the suture. The scutellum is usually bare except for the marginalbristles.Propleural bristle are present or absent and there are one or two sternopleural bristles.Tibiae all have a preapical bristle. The wings are marked or unmarked (in a number of species with spots along the veins) The wing venation is complete and the costa is continuous.The subcosta is entire and ends in the costa.The second basal and anal cells are short and the apical cell usually widely open.The abdomen is oval rarely elongate.
Biology[edit]
The larvae are mostly saprophagous, feeding in leaf litter, soil, bird nests, etc.Larvae of some mine fallen leaves, others live in rotten wood and larvae of some species cause deformation of the flowers and pistils of violets
Identification[edit]
- Czerny. 1932. Lauxaniidae.In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region , 5, 50, 1-76. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German).
- Papp, L. 1978a Contribution to the revision of Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annales historico naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici 70: 213-231.
- Papp, L. 1984. Lauxaniidae (Diptera), new Palaearctic species and taxonomic notes. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 30: 157-179.
- Papp, L. & Shatalkin, A.I., 1998 Family Lauxaniidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3, Higher Brachycera. Science Herald Publishers, Budapest, pp. 383–400
- Séguy, E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. virtuelle numérique
- Shatalkin, A.I. 2000. Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania 5: 1-102.
- Shtakel'berg, A.A. Family Lauxaniidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition.Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision .
Species lists[edit]
Genera[edit]
- Agriphoneura Hendel, 1925[3]
- Allominettia Hendel, 1925[3]
- Asilostoma Hendel, 1925[3]
- Aulogastromyia Hendel, 1925
- Calliopum Strand, 1928[4]
- Camptoprosopella Hendel, 1907
- Cestrotus Loew, 1862[5]
- Choryeuromyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
- Cnemacantha Macquart, 1835
- Deceia Malloch, 1923
- Deutominettia Hendel, 1925
- Eurychoromyia Hendel, 1910[1]
- Euryhendelimyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
- Eurystratiomyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
- Eusapromyza Malloch, 1923
- Homoneura Wulp, 1891
- Lauxania Latreille, 1804
- Luzonomyza Malloch, 1925
- Mallochomyza Hendel, 1925
- Melanomyza Malloch, 1923
- Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Mycterella Kertész, 1912
- Meiosimyza Hendel, 1925
- Neodeceia Malloch, 1924
- Neogeomyza Séguy, 1938[6]
- Neogriphoneura Malloch, 1924
- Neoparoecus Özdikmen & Merz, 2006[7]
- Oncodometopus Shewell, 1986
- Pachycerina Macquart, 1835
- Pachyopella Shewell, 1986
- Parapachycerina Stuckenberg, 1971[6][8]
- Peplominettia Szilády, 1943
- Peplomyza Haliday, 1837
- Physegeniopsis Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
- Physegenua Macquart, 1848
- Physoclypeus Hendel, 1907
- Poecilolycia Shewell, 1986
- Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932
- Prosopomyia Loew, 1856
- Pseudocalliope Malloch, 1928
- Roryeuchomyia Gaimari & Silva, 2010[1]
- Sapromyza Fallén, 1810
- Sapromyzosoma Lioy, 1864
- Sciasminettia Shewell, 1986[9]
- Steganolauxania Frey, 1918
- Tauridion Papp & Silva 1995[1]
- Tricholauxania Hendel, 1925
- Trigonometopus Macquart, 1835
- Trisapromyza Shewell, 1986
- Trivialia Malloch, 1923
- Trypetisoma Malloch, 1924
- Xeniconeura Shewell, 1986
- Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923
- Xenopterella Malloch, 1926
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This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Gallery[edit]
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Cestrotus species
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Video: female of the Minettia fasciata group
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gaimari, Stephen D. &; Silva, Vera C. (2010). "Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa (Auckland: Magnolia Press) 2342: 1–64. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- ^ Merz, Bernhard (2004). "Revision of the Minettia fasciata species-group (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). Revue Suisse de Zoologie (Geneva: Muséum d'histoire naturelle) 111 (1): 183–211.
- ^ a b c Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio; Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente (2010). "76". In Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E., and Zumbado, M. Manual of Central American Diptera. (Print) 2. Ottawa, Canada: NRC Research Press. pp. 1025–1030. ISBN 0-660-19958-0.
|accessdate=requires|url=(help) - ^ Шаталкин, Анатолий Иванович (2000). Определитель палеарктических мух семейства Lauxaniidae (Diptera) [Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera)] (Print) (in Russian) 5. Moscow: Zoologicheskie Issledovania. p. 102.
- ^ SHI LI (China), DING YANG (China) & STEPHEN D. GAIMARI (USA). Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) Zootaxa 2009: 41-68 (11 Feb. 2009) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition
- ^ a b Davies, Gregory B. P.; Miller, Raymond M. (2008). "Revision of the Afrotropical species of Parapachycerina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). African Invertebrates (Pietermaritzburg: Council of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum.) 49 (2): 131–158. doi:10.5733/afin.049.0208. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- ^ Özdikmen, H.; Merz, B. (2006). "Neoparoecus nom. nov., a replacement name for the preoccupied genus name Paroecus Becker, 1895 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae". Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft (Print) (Société Entomologique Suisse) 79 ((1-2)): 63–64.
|accessdate=requires|url=(help) - ^ Stuckenberg, B.R. (1971). "A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Annals of the Natal Museum (Print) (Natal: the Natal Museum) 20 (3): 499–610.
|accessdate=requires|url=(help) - ^ Carles-Tolrá, M. (2006). "Sciasminettia Shewell, 1971: a new lauxaniid genus for Europe, with description of a new species and a key to known species (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)". Heteropterus Revista de Entomología (PDF)
|format=requires|url=(help) (Gipuzkoa: Heteropterus) 6:: 9–14. ISSN 1579-0681.|accessdate=requires|url=(help)
- Evenhuis, N.L., and T. Okadome. 1989. Family Lauxaniidae, pp 576–589. In Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 1155 pp.
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| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lauxaniidae&oldid=640331214 |