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Taxonomy
Thysanoptera
EOL Text
Although introduced species of thrips have adapted to the Great Lakes region, many species have yet to invade previously glaciated parts north of the Wisconsin glacial maxima.
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Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2012, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Thysanoptera/ |
Thysanoptera preys on:
Artemisia frigida
Bouteloua gracilis
Hesperostipa comata
Pascopyrum smithii
Ratibida columnifera
Helianthus annuus
Atriplex canescens
Picradeniopsis oppositifolia
Senecio vulgaris
Glycine max
Acari
fungi
flowers
Collembola
nectar and floral
leaves
Based on studies in:
USA: California, Cabrillo Point (Grassland)
USA: Illinois (Agricultural)
Puerto Rico, El Verde (Rainforest)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- L. D. Harris and L. Paur, A quantitative food web analysis of a shortgrass community, Technical Report No. 154, Grassland Biome. U.S. International Biological Program (1972), from p. 17.
- M. A. Mayse and P. W. Price, 1978. Seasonal development of soybean arthropod communities in east central Illinois. Agro-Ecosys. 4:387-405, from p. 402.
- M. A. Mayse and P. W. Price, 1978. Seasonal development of soybean arthropod communities in east central Illinois. Agro-Ecosys. 4:387-405, from p. 401.
- Waide RB, Reagan WB (eds) (1996) The food web of a tropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
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Rights holder/Author | Cynthia Sims Parr, Joel Sachs, SPIRE |
Source | http://spire.umbc.edu/fwc/ |
These insects got through a kind of metamorphosis that is intermediate between simple (or gradual) and complete. The first two stages have no external wings and are larvae. Internally, wings may be developing. In some species, the third or fourth instar, the "prepupa," has external wings, but is inactive and does not feed. The fourth or fifth instar, the "pupa," is sometimes enclosed in a cocoon. After this, the adult results.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis
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Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2012, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Thysanoptera/ |
Eggs, which are large with respect to the size of the female, are laid in plant tissue or in crevices or on exposed vegetation. The first and second instars resemble small adults except for the genitalia and wings. The third, fourth or fifth instars are resting stages known as "prepupa" or "pupa." Significant tissue reconstruction occurs during this time. Females are diploid, and males, if present, are haploid. Parthenogenesis is common. Several generations of thrips are produced annually.
Key Reproductive Features: parthenogenic
Thrips are considered to be subsocial in that a few species exhibit parental care of young.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2012, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Thysanoptera/ |
Thrips (Order Thysanoptera) are ubiquitous, small to minute (a few millimeters long) and slender-bodied insects with fringed wings. The morphology is reduced: thrips have only one functional mandibular stylet, the second being greatly reduced, thus forming asymmetrical suctorial mouthparts compacted within a short cone-shaped rostrum. About 50% of the known species of Thysanoptera feed on fungi, approximately 40% feed on living tissues of dicotyledonous plants or grasses, and the remainder exploit mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, cycads, or are predatory (Morse and Hoddle 2006). Less than 1% of described thrips species are serious pests and most economic literature deals with just four species (Mound and Teulon 1995).
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Rights holder/Author | Katja Schulz, Katja Schulz |
Source | http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.59 |
The earliest fossils of thrips date back to Permian (Permothrips longipennis Martynov, 1935). By the Early Cretaceous true thrips became much more abundant (Grimaldi et al. 2004). The extant family Merothripidae most resemble these ancestral Thysanoptera, and are probably basal to the order (Mound 1997).
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Rights holder/Author | Text modified from Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thrips&oldid=517084293 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:13580
Specimens with Sequences:11753
Specimens with Barcodes:10473
Species:321
Species With Barcodes:310
Public Records:10404
Public Species:234
Public BINs:704
Thrips (Order Thysanoptera) are tiny, slender insects with fringed wings (thus the scientific name, from the Greek thysanos (fringe) + pteron (wing) (Tipping 2008)). Other common names for thrips include thunderflies, thunderbugs, storm flies, thunderblights, and corn lice. Thrips species feed on a large variety of sources, both plant and animal, by puncturing them and sucking up the contents. A large number of thrips species are considered pests, because they feed on plants with commercial value. Some species of thrips feed on other insects or mites and are considered beneficial, while some feed on fungal spores or pollen. So far around 5,000 species have been described. Thrips are generally tiny (1 mm long or less) and are not good flyers, although they can be carried long distances by the wind. In the right conditions, many species can exponentially increase in population size and form large swarms, making them an irritation to humans.
Like the words sheep, deer or moose, the word thrips is used for both the singular and plural forms. So while there may be many thrips there can also be a single thrips. The word thrips is from the Greek, meaning wood louse (Kirk 1996).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Text modified from Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thrips&oldid=517084293 |
Collection Sites: world map showing specimen collection locations for Thysanoptera